COVID-19 in Australia: Understanding the Illness and PBS Access to Treatments

COVID-19 can be a challenging illness, but many people recover fully with appropriate management. In Australia, access to certain treatments is supported through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), which subsidises medications for eligible patients at high risk of severe illness.

This guide explains:

• Common treatment approaches
• When to seek help
• Who qualifies for PBS-subsidised treatments (updated 2025 criteria)

All information is based on current Department of Health and PBS guidelines. Always consult your GP for personal advice.

Understanding Treatment Options

Treatment is tailored to your symptoms and health profile. Here’s a plain-English overview:

• Antiviral medications Oral tablets taken early (within 5 days of symptoms) to reduce severity and hospital risk.
• Monoclonal antibody therapy Lab-made antibodies given by infusion or injection to support the immune system.
• Corticosteroids Anti-inflammatory drugs used in hospital for severe cases to reduce lung swelling.
• Supportive care Rest, hydration, oxygen, and nutrition — the foundation of recovery for all cases.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Act early if you have any of these symptoms:

• Fever or chills
• Cough or sore throat
• Shortness of breath
• Loss of taste or smell
• Extreme tiredness
• Body aches

→ Contact your doctor within 24 hours of symptoms or a positive test. Early assessment is critical — it improves outcomes and may make you eligible for PBS-subsidised treatment.

Factors That Affect Treatment Choice

Your doctor will consider:

• How severe your symptoms are – mild vs. severe
• Your age – older adults are at higher risk
• Underlying health conditions – e.g., diabetes, heart disease, lung conditions, obesity
• Vaccination status – up-to-date vaccines reduce severity
• Immune system strength – immunocompromised people may need extra support

PBS Eligibility: Who Can Access Subsidised COVID-19 Treatments?

The PBS only subsidises oral antiviral treatments for people at highest risk of going to hospital. You must:

• Have confirmed COVID-19 (PCR or RAT)
• Start treatment within 5 days of symptoms or positive test
• Be assessed by a doctor or nurse practitioner
• Hold a valid Medicare card

PBS Eligibility Criteria (November 2025 – No Changes Since 2023)

What Counts as a “Risk Factor”?

Any of the following:

• Obesity (BMI 30 or higher)
• Diabetes (type 1 or 2)
• Heart disease (e.g. heart failure, coronary artery disease)
• Chronic lung disease (e.g. COPD, severe asthma)
• Chronic kidney or liver disease
• Neurological conditions (e.g. stroke, dementia, Parkinson’s)
• Weakened immune system (e.g. from medication or illness)
• Living with disability and requiring support services

If you don’t meet PBS criteria, treatments are still available — but you’ll pay the full private cost.

Prevention Is Still the Best Medicine

The best way to avoid severe COVID-19 is prevention:

• Stay up to date with vaccinations
• Wash hands and cover coughs
• Wear a mask in crowded indoor spaces if you’re at risk
• Test and isolate if unwell

Need Help? Talk to Your Doctor

Not sure if you qualify? Speak to Teldoc today. They can:

• Order a test
• Assess your risk
• Prescribe PBS-subsidised treatment if you’re eligible

Sources:

• Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care
• Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)
• National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce Last reviewed: November 2025