STI Testing in Australia: Stay Informed, Stay Healthy

Sexual health is a vital part of overall well-being, yet sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant public health concern in Australia. With rising STI rates and many infections being asymptomatic, regular testing is crucial for early detection and treatment. This blog explores common STIs in Australia, the importance of general screening, and how telehealth is making testing more accessible than ever.

Common STIs in Australia

Several STIs are prevalent in Australia, each with its own risks and potential complications if left untreated. Here’s a look at some of the most common:

Chlamydia

Chlamydia, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most commonly reported STI in Australia, with over 100,000 cases annually, particularly among those under 30. Often asymptomatic (85-90% of cases), it can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy if untreated. Symptoms, when present, may include painful urination, discharge, or pelvic pain. Testing typically involves urine samples or swabs, with doxycycline as the preferred treatment.

Gonorrhoea

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonorrhoea cases surged by 16% from 2019 to 2023, with 40,404 notifications in 2023. Up to 70% of women and 20% of men may show no symptoms, but untreated infections can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or disseminated infections like septic arthritis. Testing involves urine samples or swabs, and treatment typically includes ceftriaxone and azithromycin due to rising antimicrobial resistance.

Syphilis

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, has seen a 9% increase in cases from 2019 to 2023, with 6,451 cases in 2023. Alarmingly, congenital syphilis cases rose by 400% in the same period, posing risks to newborns. Often asymptomatic, syphilis can mimic other conditions, earning it the nickname “the Great Imitator.” Symptoms may include ulcers, rashes, or fever. Testing involves blood tests or PCR swabs, with benzathine penicillin as the primary treatment.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV is a highly prevalent viral STI linked to genital warts and cancers like cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal. Regular screening, such as the Cervical Screening Test (available as a self-collected sample), is critical for early detection of HPV-related abnormalities. Vaccination significantly reduces risks, but screening remains essential.

Genital Herpes

Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), genital herpes presents as painful blisters or sores. While lifelong, it can be managed with antiviral medications. Routine screening isn’t typically recommended unless symptoms are present, but testing via swabs can confirm diagnosis. Telehealth can facilitate ongoing management for recurrent outbreaks.

The Importance of General Screening

Regular STI screening is a cornerstone of sexual health for several reasons:

• Early Detection and Treatment: Many STIs, like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, are often asymptomatic, making routine screening the only way to detect them early. Early treatment prevents complications and reduces transmission risks.
• Preventing Long-Term Complications: Untreated STIs can lead to severe outcomes, including infertility, chronic pain, and increased HIV susceptibility. Screening ensures timely intervention.
• Reducing Transmission: Identifying and treating infections early stops the spread to sexual partners, helping lower overall STI rates in the community.
• Promoting Responsible Sexual Health: Regular testing fosters a culture of openness and responsibility, encouraging safe practices like condom use and honest communication with partners.
• Destigmatizing Testing: Normalizing routine screenings reduces the stigma around STIs, making it easier for individuals to prioritize their health without fear of judgment.

Australian guidelines recommend screening for anyone requesting a test, those with new or multiple partners, or those in high-risk groups like men who have sex with men, sex workers, or pregnant individuals. Comprehensive testing for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and HIV is advised to address co-infections and rising prevalence.

The Role of Telehealth in STI Testing

Telehealth has revolutionized STI testing in Australia, offering a convenient, discreet, and accessible option for sexual health care. Here’s how it’s making a difference:

• Convenience and Accessibility: Services like Teldoc allow individuals to request tests online, receive pathology forms via email, and visit any authorized lab for sample collection. This eliminates the need for in-person GP visits, saving time and reducing barriers, especially for those in regional or remote areas.
• Confidentiality: Telehealth platforms prioritise privacy, delivering results securely online within 3-5 days. This discretion helps reduce the stigma and anxiety associated with STI testing.
• Bulk-Billed Testing: For Medicare cardholders, many Pathology services offer bulk-billed pathology tests, minimizing out-of-pocket costs. Consultations may start at $69 with rebates available, making testing affordable.
• Follow-Up Support: If results are positive, telehealth services provide consultations with doctors to discuss treatment plans, ensuring seamless care.
• Self-Collection Options: Innovations like self-collected Cervical Screening Tests for HPV allow individuals to take samples at home, further simplifying the process and encouraging regular testing.
• Support for Diverse Needs: Telehealth platforms cater to all backgrounds and identities, offering inclusive services for issues like genital herpes, contraception, and HIV management (e.g., PrEP and PEP prescribing).

Taking Charge of Your Sexual Health

With STI rates rising—chlamydia up 24%, gonorrhoea up 45%, and syphilis cases climbing—regular testing is more critical than ever. Testing is quick, often involving just a urine or blood sample, and sometimes a swab. For asymptomatic individuals, screening every three months or with new partners is recommended.

Telehealth makes this process easier by offering a stigma-free, efficient way to stay on top of your sexual health. Whether you’re in a bustling city or a remote community, services like Teldoc provide the tools to get tested anytime, anywhere. Results are fast, confidential, and backed by expert support.

Don’t wait for symptoms—many STIs are silent but can cause lasting harm. Request a test today, protect yourself and your partners, and take control of your health. For more information, visit the Australian STI Guidelines for tailored advice.